PWM: Pulse Width Modulation is the process of modulating an analog signal usually voice frequency in the form of variation of pulse width proportional to the voice (or signal) amplitude. The voice frequency is modulated on an internally generated carrier wave. The reconstruction process of this wave is by demodulating and original voice signal is recovered. This trainer requires an external function generator with 1 KHz frequency and 1 V P toP signal strength. Using a dual beam oscilloscope it is possible to observe the input signal, modulating signal and demodulating signals.
PAM: Pulse amplitude modulation is a type of modulation is used as the first step in converting an analog signal to a discrete signal or in cases where it may be difficult to change the frequency or phase of the carrier. In this case the carrier is a pulse train rather than a sine wave and the spectrum of the carrier consists of several components at nwc = 2np/T where T is the time between pulses.
Using this trainer it is possible to observe the modulated PAM signal and demodulated message signals on the Oscilloscope. It is necessary to study the effect of sampling pulse duration, sampling rate on the PAM signal and on the demodulated signal. Be sure to reduce your sampling frequency such that your sampling frequency is below Nyquist rate.
PPM: Pulse position modulation makes use of PWM signal generated during PWM setup as input for modulation purposes.
This is a 3 in 1-modulation trainer. This trainer is intended to study the basic principles of Pulse Modulation techniques. This provides a unique opportunity to construct a complete modulation setup required in a communication system. This can be best studied and experimented in the audio range. This requires two independent external function generators as necessary sources for generating carrier and signal. This trainer has all the necessary active and passive components required to perform the experiments, and built-in power supply. The output waveforms can be monitored on an external CRO. You need an external function generator, a pulse generator operating in the range of 100 Hz to 100KHz, and an Oscilloscope for observing the waveforms.
Worldwide Institutional Supply & Export Solutions
Advanced Educational, Medical & Technical Laboratory Equipment Manufacturer
INTERLABS is a trusted Indian manufacturer and exporter of educational laboratory equipment, engineering training systems, healthcare teaching products, TVET solutions, medical instruments, communication trainers, clean air systems, and institutional procurement equipment for global educational and healthcare markets.
Educational & Technical Training Systems
Comprehensive STEM learning systems, engineering trainers, electronics communication trainers, embedded control modules, and vocational training equipment designed for schools, universities, polytechnic institutes, and technical education projects.
Healthcare & Medical Equipment Solutions
Professional medical laboratory products, anaesthesia instruments, healthcare teaching systems, institutional medical training products, and procurement support solutions for hospitals, healthcare institutions, NGOs, and government healthcare programs.
Industrial & Clean Air Laboratory Solutions
Clean air equipment, laboratory airflow systems, institutional research products, engineering laboratory systems, and technical infrastructure solutions for industrial, educational, and healthcare laboratory environments.
Global Institutional Procurement & Export Support
We support educational institutions, technical universities, engineering colleges, healthcare projects, vocational training centers, NGOs, ministries, government procurement agencies, and industrial training organizations across Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and international export markets.
Our export-ready manufacturing infrastructure supports bulk institutional procurement requirements with professional export packaging, OEM manufacturing capability, logistics coordination, and worldwide shipping support for educational and healthcare infrastructure projects.
